“Male Fixings” and Horse Manure — Akard Street, ca. 1906
by Paula Bosse
George W. Cook Collection, SMU
by Paula Bosse
This great photograph shows Akard Street looking north from just south of Main. I especially like the sign for “Male Fixings” (a store selling men’s clothing accessories). Let’s zoom in to see that sign better (click photo to see a much larger image).
I also like the guy with the bicycle, next to the barber pole at the lower right, and the lone woman crossing the street. (There is a little girl in a white dress on the sidewalk on the right — about to cross Main — but everyone else in this photo is of the gender that might well patronize a business called “Male Fixings.”)
As indelicate as it may be to bring up the subject … I assume there were people employed to walk around the streets with shovels to clean up after all those horses? I’ve actually thought of this fairly often. It had to have been a major, major problem back then. I’ve just looked it up. The average horse pulling wagons and carriages produced, on average, 30+ pounds of manure and several gallons of urine daily, deposited willy-nilly whenever the need arose (which was often). Multiply that by hundreds. This article isn’t about Dallas, but I highly recommend “The Great Horse Manure Crisis of 1894” — you’ll learn way more about the subject than you may want to — read it here. That lady crossing the street? I bet she spent a good part of every day hiking her skirts and dodging dung.
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UPDATE: I’ve updated the title to this post several times (you’ll notice that the URL of this post shows a different location and year). After spending time to pin down the date, it appears this photo was taken between 1906 and 1909, when the Draughon Practical Business College was located at the southeast corner of Main and Akard — and the Oliver Typewriter Agency was located at 114 South Akard. The original annotation of this photo says the view is Main Street, with Akard in the midground, but it appears this photo was taken just south of Main Street looking north on Akard. The photo is confusing because the Draughon’s sign is seen here on the Akard Street side, not the Main Street side. The main tip-off is the cupola seen atop the building standing at the northwest corner of Main and Akard — it is the Rowan Building, which housed the Marvin Drug Store, which I wrote about here.
Draughon’s Practical Business College opened its first Dallas campus (but its 27th location across the major cities of the south) at the southeast corner of Main and Akard in March, 1906. By the time the 1910 city directory was printed, they had moved to another location (in fact, in their first ten years in Dallas they had moved five times!). I’m not sure how long the business college lasted in Dallas — at least through the 1970s, possibly longer — but the institution seems to still be in business after something like 130 years. (Click ads below to see larger images.)
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This is another wonderful photo from the George W. Cook Dallas/Texas Image Collection, DeGolyer Library, Central University Libraries, Southern Methodist University; it can be accessed (and zoomed in on) here.
Another interesting article on the “manure problem” is “When Horses Posed a Public Health Hazard” — a blog post from The New York Times (which tantalizingly mentions herds of pigs roaming the streets of NYC) — read it here.
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Copyright © 2015 Paula Bosse. All Rights Reserved.
what is that vehicle to the right of the woman crossing the street (Akard?), either just entering or leaving the intersection? could that possibly be an early street car?
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That’s what it looks like. I might have to do some investigating….
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Yes, Lee, it looks like a streetcar — good eye! Dallas had mule-drawn streetcars beginning in the early 1870s — electric cars came along about 1890, even though mule cars were also in use for a time after that. There was a streetcar that ran along Akard Street at the time of this photograph. A classified that appeared in the Nov. 10, 1897 issue of the DMN read: “Lost: $5 bill in Akard car; return to Kramer & Metzler, 284 Main-st., receive reward.” (Good luck on that!) A close-up of the streetcar you noticed is here: http://bit.ly/1isiNS2
Incidentally, this stretch of Main — heading toward the river — used to have a fairly steep grade. A driver of a mule-drawn car had to be proficient at driving westward along Main from about Akard/Sycamore in order to prevent his car from getting loose and running over the mule in front of it!
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Thanks for another great post. I often wonder what the oldest buildings still standing downtown are. The original photo is a stereograph. I don’t have a stereoscope so I made a wiggle gif to give me a rough idea of the effect: http://i.imgur.com/9zCG8oz.gif
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Oh my gosh! That is great! Thank you not bob.
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Outstanding…again!😉
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Thank you, Steve!
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Again more great images and a very good story, the old horse dung would then go to the city dump, with all of the other stuff, mixed in with livery stable hay and dung,….
Saloon and Cafe sawdust and hay, that had match sticks and cigar butts and then we have the worst kind of dung….you have two kinds riding horse and working horse who pulled freight…
.One larger or very large and mushy the other small and hard…well don’t step in it as many did back then, even when the roads were paved…and then you have the privey or private bathroom that had just as many flie.
By 1910, the flies, smell and piles of dung were on their way out as the horse was also…..by 1920, there were just fruit and junk wagon horses….it is a lot of hay after all and a great story to realize, Dallas did have horses….
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Victorians have the reputation of having been excessively modest about certain facts of life, but they were hardly in a position to ignore livestock and livestock manure and urine. And I think any horse who produces only one quart of urine a day should check in with the vet.
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Ha! That DID seem low — but I, being an inveterate city slicker — was taking the New York Times’ facts to be correct. (I assume there might be differences between huge farm horses that pulled wagons and plows and sleeker, smaller horses that pulled carriages, but a quart is ridiculous!) I’ve edited the amounts, but it seems that manure … um … “production” was closer to 30-35 pounds daily, and urine “outflow” more like 2-3 GALLONS — or more (some sources cite up to TEN!). So those streets were much, much nastier than I imagined.
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Thanks again Paula…
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